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~~~~~~~~~~ \u672c\u6587\u958b\u59cb ~~~~~~~~~~<\/p>\n

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\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u662f\u7531 Richard Stallman\uff08\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff09\u6240\u5275\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u70ba “Free Software”\u3002\u800c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7a31\u5176\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7531 (free)\u300d\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u51f8\u986f\u9019\u985e\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8edf\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c0d\u5176\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u6240\u5217\u7684\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6b64\u4e00\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c31\u53ef\u88ab\u6307\u7a31\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\uff08\u8a3b\u4e09\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\n\u3010\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e00\u3011<\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u7b26\u5408\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u8fd1\u7528 (access to the Source Code) \u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u8981\u4ef6\u3002
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\n\u3010\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u4e09\u3011<\/strong>\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6563\u5e03\u7d66\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e\u6b64\u8209\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6574\u500b\u793e\u7fa4\u5747\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u8fd1\u7528 (access to the Source Code) \u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9019\u4e9b\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u901a\u9ede\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u8207\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531 (Software Freedom)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u843d\u5be6\u5230\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u689d\u6b3e\u5167\u5bb9\u50c5\u7686\u898f\u5b9a\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6216\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4eba\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6563\u5e03\u8edf\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u914d\u5408\u9019\u500b\u6563\u5e03\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\uff0c\u8b93\u5f8c\u624b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u64da\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u88fd\u8207\u6563\u5e03\u8a72\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u63a5\u7e8c\u6563\u5e03\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u7d66\u4e88\u66f4\u5f8c\u624b\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4f9d\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u985e\u578b\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u5747\u6c92\u6709\u8ff0\u53ca\u50c5\u6301\u6709\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u5167\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u5c0d\u8c61\u5730\u5411\u5916\u300c\u958b\u653e\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u5f9e\u4fc3\u9032\u5546\u696d\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8fad\u5f59\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u524d\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u300c\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u914d\u5408\u500b\u5225\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\uff0c\u5c0e\u5f15\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u300d\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u300d\u7684\u8aa1\u547d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u7576\u4ee3\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5f59\u6703\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u4e26\u4e14\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\u5462\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u96a8\u8457\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u8207\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u958b\u5c55\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u8209\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u985e\u8edf\u9ad4\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u5546\u696d\u71df\u5229\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u800c\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8207\u5546\u696d\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5546\u696d\u5229\u76ca\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u4e0a\u4ea6\u4ee4\u4eba\u6613\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7531 (free)\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u6f14\u7e79\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u860a\u542b\u6709\u300c\u81ea\u7531 (freedom)\u300d\u8207\u300c\u514d\u8cbb (charge-free)\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8cea\u7591\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4 (Free Software) \u9032\u884c\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u96e3\u4ee5\u6536\u8cbb\u7684\u7591\u616e\u8207\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u800c\u547c\u61c9\u9019\u500b\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc (Open Source)\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u88ab\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5021\u8b70\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8f03\u70ba\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u8fad\u5f59\uff0c\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\u627f\u8972\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u7406\u60f3\uff08\u8a3b\u4e03\uff09\u3002\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u4fc3\u9032\u5546\u696d\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4e00\u8a5e\u80cc\u5f8c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u8a8d\u8a3c\u8207\u5546\u6a19\u6a5f\u5236\u914d\u5408\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f86\u4fbf\u5229\u5546\u696d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8207\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u8207\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u5b9a\u7fa9 (Open Source Definition, OSD)\u300d\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4efd\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u8f49\u7531\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4fc3\u9032\u6703 (Open Source Initiative, OSI) \u300d\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u4eba\u7d44\u7e54\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5be9\u6838\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5be9\u6838\u901a\u904e\uff0cOSI \u5c31\u6703\u5728\u5176\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u516c\u958b\u5ba3\u544a\u8a72\u689d\u6b3e\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e (Open Source License)\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u8edf\u9ad4\u63a1\u7528\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u689d\u6b3e\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8edf\u9ad4\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5370\u4e0a OSI \u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u5546\u6a19\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u8a72\u5546\u696d\u7522\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u8a3b\u516b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"LC_201311_1\"<\/a>
\n\u25b2 \u57161\uff1a\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u6240\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e (Open Source Licenses)<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4e00\u8a5e\u56e0\u5546\u696d\u5316\u61c9\u7528\u63a8\u5c55\u800c\u88ab\u9010\u6f38\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90e8\u4efd\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\u7d71\u7a31\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u8207\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u64da\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u4e5f\u78ba\u5be6\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6eff\u8db3\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u540c\u6a23\u7b26\u5408\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u5341\u9805\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u6191\u5b57\u7fa9\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\u63a8\u884d\u51fa\u9019\u5169\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6703\u7d14\u7cb9\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u4e3b\u52d5\u516c\u958b\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u50c5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u50b3\u6563\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u4e5d\uff10\u5e74\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def (World Wide Web) \u76f8\u95dc\u6280\u8853\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u5c07\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u9032\u884c\u5171\u5de5\u8207\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u6703\u767b\u8f09\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u5de5\u5e73\u53f0 (repository) \u5916\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5229\u7528\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f9e\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9762\u81ea\u884c\u4e0b\u8f09\u6240\u9700\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u6b64\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7701\u537b\u4e86\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u6563\u5e03\u7d66\u500b\u5225\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u7463\u788e\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\u90fd\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u9019\u500b\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4f86\u6563\u5e03\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u3002\u6f14\u8b8a\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u7db2\u8def\u7121\u570b\u754c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u516c\u958b\u7d66\u4e88\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u53ca\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8207\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u516c\u958b\u6563\u5e03\u5283\u4e0a\u7b49\u865f\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7522\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u81ea\u7a31\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u8981\u4e3b\u52d5\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u8def\u516c\u958b\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u5171\u540c\u69cb\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3011<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u50b3\u627f\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u537b\u53c8\u8207\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e14\u843d\u5be6\u5728\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u6027\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u56b4\u5bec\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7d30\u90e8\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u9019\u500b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u8edf\u9ad4\u958b\u767c\u8005\u8207\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4eba\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u6216\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4eba\u82e5\u662f\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u4fbf\u591a\u6703\u5c07\u5176\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u7b49\u5f92\u5f91\uff0c\u516c\u958b\u4e14\u4e0d\u8a2d\u9650\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f86\u4e0b\u8f09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u8e10\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1b\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u5247\u8f03\u70ba\u660e\u78ba\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u958b\u767c\u8005\u8207\u8457\u4f5c\u6b0a\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8ca0\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u7d30\u90e8\u898f\u5b9a\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u843d\u5be6\u6388\u6b0a\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u5169\u8005\u76f8\u95dc\u3001\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u8996\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aaa\u662f\u885d\u7a81\u4e92\u65a5\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u73fe\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u6563\u5e03\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u8f03\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u70ba\u8aa4\u89e3\u8fad\u5f59\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u56f0\u64fe\u3002<\/p>\n

—-<\/p>\n

\u611f\u8b1d\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u611f\u8b1d\u6797\u8aa0\u590f (http:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lucienchlin<\/a>) \u6f64\u98fe\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

—-<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e00\uff1a\u90e8\u4efd\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5c07\u91cd\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u8edf\u9ad4\u300c\u81ea\u7531 (freedom)\u300d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u8e10\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u958b\u6e90\u8edf\u9ad4\u9019\u6a23\u6298\u8877\u7684\u8fad\u5f59\u4f86\u8868\u8ff0\u6b64\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8a8d\u540c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u672c\u6587\u5df2\u91dd\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u8207\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u52a0\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4e14\u8ad6\u8ff0\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u91d0\u6e05\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u7406\u60f3\u300d\u8207\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u78bc\u7fa9\u52d9\u300d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6545\u6a19\u984c\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u78ba\u9ede\u51fa\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7126\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1aRichard Stallman \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7db2\u7ad9\uff1ahttp:\/\/stallman.org\/<\/a>\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u898b\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u689d\u76ee\uff1ahttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Stallman<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e09\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4 (Free Software) \u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u898b\u82f1\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1 “Free Software” \u689d\u76ee\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u5167\u5bb9\uff1ahttp:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_software<\/a>\uff1b\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u95e1\u91cb\u8207\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u539f\u6587\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1 Richard Stallman\u00a0 \u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u7684 “The Free Software Definition” \u4e00\u6587\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.gnu.org\/philosophy\/free-sw.html<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5247\u9644\u4e0a\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u4f9b\u8b80\u8005\u53c3\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u25cf The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
\n\u25cf The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
\n\u25cf The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).
\n\u25cf The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u56db\uff1a\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u5141\u8a31\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u55e3\u5f8c\u7684\u6563\u5e03\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6e90\u78bc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u689d\u6b3e\u5f37\u5236\u898f\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6563\u5e03\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f9d\u8a31\u591a\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u610f\u898b\u8207\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u56db\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e94\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u5217\u8868\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.gnu.org\/licenses\/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u516d\uff1aGPL \u8207 LGPL \u662f Richard Stallman \u8207\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u4f86\u6388\u6b0a\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4ea6\u5ef6\u7533\u5236\u8a02\u51fa\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u8edf\u9ad4\u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL)\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u6b3e\u7528\u65bc\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u4e92\u70ba\u8868\u88e1\u7684 GNU \u8a08\u756b (GNU Project) \u4e2d\uff0c Richard Stallman\u00a0 \u610f\u6b32\u900f\u904e GNU \u8a08\u756b\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u6253\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u6388\u6b0a\u689d\u6b3e\u6700\u521d\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u6388\u6b0a GNU \u8a08\u756b\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4e9b\u689d\u6b3e\u7684\u5168\u540d\u524d\u9762\u4e5f\u90fd\u51a0\u6709 GNU \u4e00\u8a5e\u3002GNU \u8a08\u756b\u7db2\u7ad9\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.gnu.org\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e03\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc (Open Source) \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u7531\u4f86\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc\u4fc3\u9032\u6703 (Open Source Initiative, OSI) \u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u7de3\u7531\u8aaa\u660e\uff1ahttp:\/\/opensource.org\/history<\/a>\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0cBruce Perens \u4e5f\u66fe\u767c\u8868\u5c08\u6587\u5c0d\u6b64\u8aaa\u660e\uff1aThe Open Source Definition, http:\/\/oreilly.com\/openbook\/opensources\/book\/perens.html<\/a>, at book ” Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution”, 1st Edition January 1999\u3002\u5176\u4e2d Perens \u5728\u8a72\u6587 “History” \u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u820a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5 (The concept of free software is an old one.)\u300d\uff0c\u63ed\u9732 OSI \u5c07\u5728\u5176\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u63a8\u52d5\u300c\u958b\u653e\u6e90\u78bc (Open Source)\u300d\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u516b\uff1aOSD \u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u8acb\u898b\uff1ahttp:\/\/opensource.org\/osd<\/a>\uff1bOSI \u7684\u5546\u6a19\u653f\u7b56\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\uff1ahttp:\/\/opensource.org\/trademark<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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