這個版本的中文內容是我任職於資策會科技法律中心[1]時所撰寫，當時的草稿內容粗糙，所以一直放在自己的電腦裡。近來經過Lucien的修改與潤飾後，成為現在這個版本，中文解譯內容較為完備，因此釋出！
IBM Public License Version 1.0 (IPL-1.0)是IBM早期開始參與自由開源軟體時，所制定出來的授權條款，基本架構與後來改版而生的Common Public License Version 1.0 (CPL-1.0)以及Eclipse Public License, Version 1.0 (EPL-1.0)類似，但在實質內容上略有不同。
IPL-1.0: http://opensource.org/licenses/IPL-1.0
CPL-1.0: http://opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php
EPL-1.0: http://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0
[1] 現在已經改組升級為科技法律研究所：http://stli.iii.org.tw/。
~~~~~~~~~~~~ 本文與解譯開始 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
IBM Public License Version 1.0
THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS IBM PUBLIC LICENSE (“AGREEMENT”). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT’S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS AGREEMENT.
IBM Public License Version 1.0 非官方中譯版本 (譯者：葛冬梅、林誠夏)
本軟體採用 IBM 公眾授權條款(授權協議)進行提供，您對此軟體的任何使用、重製，與散布行為，代表您接受此條款的各項內容。
1. DEFINITIONS
“Contribution” means:
a. in the case of International Business Machines Corporation (“IBM”), the Original Program, and
b. in the case of each Contributor,i. changes to the Program, and
ii. additions to the Program;where such changes and/or additions to the Program originate from and are distributed by that particular Contributor. A Contribution ‘originates’ from a Contributor if it was added to the Program by such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such Contributor’s behalf. Contributions do not include additions to the Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) are not derivative works of the Program.
“Contributor” means IBM and any other entity that distributes the Program.
“Licensed Patents ” mean patent claims licensable by a Contributor which are necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its Contribution alone or when combined with the Program.
“Original Program” means the original version of the software accompanying this Agreement as released by IBM, including source code, object code and documentation, if any.
“Program” means the Original Program and Contributions.
“Recipient” means anyone who receives the Program under this Agreement, including all Contributors.
1. 定義
「貢獻物」指的是：
a. 就 IBM 公司 (International Business Machines Corporation) 本身，指的是其依 IPL-1.0 提供的「原始程式」；
b. 對其他個別「貢獻者」而言，指的是：
i. 對「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的修改，以及
ii. 對「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的添附；
透過「貢獻者」，上述這些修改與／或添附被加入到「IPL-1.0 授權程式」裡並進行散布。當「貢獻者」就自己名義或是有權代表之人為其進行了上述行為時，就形成一個「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的「貢獻物」。然而，「貢獻物」並不包含所有對「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的添附，如果這些添附程式：(i) 相較於「IPL-1.0 授權程式」為獨立功能的模組，僅是與「IPL-1.0 授權程式」併行散布，並依個別的授權條款進行提供，以及 (ii) 並非衍生自「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的部份。
「貢獻者 (Contributor)」，指的是 IBM，以及任何其他散布本「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的法律主體 (entity)。
「授與專利 (Licensed Patents)」，指的是「貢獻者」具有授權地位的專利技術方法與範圍，須經其權利人同意，方可合法透過「貢獻物」，及「貢獻物」與「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的結合作品來使用的技術方法。
「原始程式 (Original Program)」，指的是 IBM 依「IPL-1.0 授權條款」釋出的原始版本程式，包括該原始版本的程式源碼、程式目的碼，以及相關的各種操作與說明文件。
「IPL-1.0 授權程式 (Program)」，指的是前述的「原始程式」與「貢獻物」。
「收受程式者 (Recipient)」，指的是任何依本「IPL-1.0 授權條款」接收到「IPL-1.0 授權程式」之人，包括其後各版本的「貢獻者」在內。
2. GRANT OF RIGHTS
a. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, distribute and sublicense the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such derivative works, in source code and object code form.
2. 授與的權利 (Grant of Rights)
a. 根據本授權條款的規定，每一位「貢獻者」授與「收受程式者」非專屬的、全球、免授權金的著作權授權，以用來重製、製作衍生作品、公開演播、公開展示、散 布，並轉授權 (sublicense) 該「貢獻者」之「貢獻物」及其衍生作品，此授權範圍含括程式源碼與目的碼格式皆屬之。
b. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is licensed hereunder.
b. 根據本授權條款的規定，每一位「貢獻者」在「授與專利」的範圍內，授與「收受程式者」非專屬的、全球、免授權金的專利權授權，以用來製造、使用、銷售、提 供銷售、進口，以及其他方式轉移此一「貢獻者」之「貢獻物」，此授權範圍含括程式源碼與目的碼的格式。此一專利授權亦應適用於「貢獻物」與「IPL- 1.0 授權程式」的結合物上，前提是這樣的結合行為係此具有專利權利人地位之貢獻者所為，設如此、這樣的添附行為便會讓該授與專利的效力及於整個結合物。然而、 純粹的硬體專利，並不被本條款的授權規範所及。
c. Recipient understands that although each Contributor grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient to distribute the Program, it is Recipient’s responsibility to acquire that license before distributing the Program.
c. 「收受程式者」必須了解到，雖然每一位「貢獻者」就其可掌握的權利與「貢獻物」併行授權出去，但對於「IPL-1.0 授權程式」是否涉及侵害其他第三方專利或是相關的智慧財產權利，「貢獻者」並不提供任何保證 (assurance)。任一「貢獻者」在此明白宣稱，其並不需要對使用此軟體產生的第三方智慧財產或相關權利侵害擔負任何責任。「收受程式者」使用此軟 體的前提就是，其明確認知到除本授權條款提供的授權之外，其需獨自為其他智慧財產權利上的妥適性負責，舉例來說，如果要取得第三方的專利授權，方得合法散 布本「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的話，那「收受程式者」就有責任在散布之前取得這個專利授權，才能後續遂行程式的散布。
d. Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.
d. 每一位「貢獻者」均表示就其所知，其具有充份的著作權利來散布其「貢獻物」，並透過此一授權條款，將這樣的著作權利授與出去。
3. REQUIREMENTS
A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code form under its own license agreement, provided that:
a. it complies with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and
b. its license agreement:
i. effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;
ii. effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits;
iii. states that any provisions which differ from this Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other party; and
iv. states that source code for the Program is available from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software exchange.
3. 要求的義務 (Requirements)
「貢獻者」採目的碼格式散布「IPL-1.0 授權程式」時，得以其自行選擇的授權方式來散布此一目的碼，倘若：
a. 該自行選擇的授權方式，符合本授權條款的各項要求與規定；並且
b. 該自行選擇的授權條款：
i. 站在所有「貢獻者」的立場上，有效地為其免除所有明示與默示的擔保責任與保證條件，這包括權利狀態的擔保、侵權責任的擔保，以及可商業性與符合特定目的之合用性擔保；
ii. 站在所有「貢獻者」的立場上，有效地將損害賠償的責任排除在外，這包括了直接的、間接的、特別的、意外性與因果性的損害賠償，例如營業利益的損失亦涵括在內；
iii. 明白宣示並指出，哪些自訂的條款內容與本授權條款的原始內容有異，並聲明這些條款的內容，僅由該特定「貢獻者」自行提供，而不及於其他人；
iv. 宣示該「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的程式源碼，能如何由該特定「貢獻者」處取得，並且通知被授權人應如何以合理的方式取得這些程式源碼，或是透過何種特定儲存媒體的交換途徑來取得這些程式源碼。
When the Program is made available in source code form:
a. it must be made available under this Agreement; and
b. a copy of this Agreement must be included with each copy of the Program.
Each Contributor must include the following in a conspicuous location in the Program:
Copyright (C) 1996, 1999 International Business Machines Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved.
In addition, each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution.
當「IPL-1.0 授權程式」是以程式源碼的格式進行提供時：
a. 它必須要在「IPL-1.0 授權條款」的基礎下進行提供；並且
b. 該「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的每一個重製物，都必須要內含一份「IPL-1.0 授權條款」的全文複本。
每一位「貢獻者」必須將下列聲明，放置在本「IPL-1.0 授權程式」裡顯而易見的位置：
Copyright (C) ｛權利主張日｝，國際商業機器股份有限公司以及其他貢獻者 (International Business Machines Corporation and others）。權利人保留所有權利。
此外，每一位「貢獻者」必須就其「貢獻物」標註合理的資訊，讓其後的「收受程式者」，能辨識出其為特定「貢獻物」的原始貢獻者。
4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
Commercial distributors of software may accept certain responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial product offering should do so in a manner which does not create potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor (“Commercial Contributor”) hereby agrees to defend and indemnify every other Contributor (“Indemnified Contributor”) against any losses, damages and costs (collectively “Losses”) arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own expense.
4、 商業散布
軟體程式的商業散布者，可以會基於契約關係、消費者保護責任，而對此軟體程式的終端消費者與商業夥伴擔任一定程度的擔保責任。本授權條款的基本立場是要推 動「IPL-1.0 授權程式」能正常商業利用，有鑑於此、將「IPL-1.0 授權程式」加入其商業產品中進行提供的「貢獻者」，亦應建立一個互保機制，以確立其商業利用軟體程式的行為，不會創造潛在責任強加到其他「貢獻者」身上。 因此，當任一「貢獻者」將「IPL-1.0 授權程式」加入到商業產品進行提供時，該「商業行為的貢獻者 (Commercial Contributor)」，在此同意若本程式其他「貢獻者」發生的損失賠償與其對本程式的商業利用或遺漏行為相關，其將會對本軟體程式的其他「受保障的 貢獻者 (Indemnified Contributor)」，善盡權利保護與損失補償的責任，包括任何基於第三方提出的權利要求、法庭訴訟，以及其他法律行為而生之損害賠償金、利益損 失，以及額外花費的金額皆包括在廣義的損失補償範圍之內。然而，本款所定的補償義務，並不延申擴及適用到任何可具體歸責於其他貢獻者的實質或宣稱的智慧財 產權利侵害事件上。並且，要適用此一補償條款，「受保障的貢獻者」必須要做到：a) 當遭逢到任何上述的權利要求與法庭訴訟時，第一時間通知「商業行為的貢獻者」有些狀況，以及 b) 與「商業行為的貢獻者」合作，容許其進一步參與及控制後續進行的司法防禦與爭議協商歷程。「受保障的貢獻者」也得以自費參與後續這些司法防禦與協商歷程。
For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor’s responsibility alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to defend claims against the other Contributors related to those performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor must pay those damages.
舉例來說，一個「貢獻者」可以將「IPL-1.0 授權程式」納入到商業產品中進行提供-例如「產品Ｘ」。此時該「貢獻者」便為上述定義的「商業行為的貢獻者」。而後如果此一「商業行為的貢獻者」聲稱「產 品Ｘ」的功能表現可達到何種標準，或是提供「產品Ｘ」相關的使用擔保，那麼這些標準以及擔保的責任，將單單責付予該「商業行為的貢獻者」，而不及於 「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的其他貢獻者。而依照上述互保機制條款，「商業行為的貢獻者」必須要抵禦其他貢獻者不被這些商業產品的表現標準及擔保責任所波及，倘若有法院的 判決或是裁定，導致其他「貢獻者」必須要「產品X」的表現標準及擔保責任負擔賠償金的話，那麼此時「商業行為的貢獻者」就必須負責去償付這些損害金額。
5. NO WARRANTY
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its exercise of rights under this Agreement, including but not limited to the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or interruption of operations.
5. 不負擔保責任
除了在本條款中被明示表達之外，本程式在其既有狀態的基礎上被提供，不擔負任何形式的保證或條件，例如權利狀態與條件的擔保、毋侵權責任的擔保、基於特定 目的商業性與合用性的擔保，皆不在擔保之列，此除外範圍不受限制，並包含明示或是默示的擔保意思皆屬之。每一個「收受程式者」均須單獨地對於本「IPL- 1.0 授權程式」的使用與散布行為，決定其合適性，並且擔負起所有運用本軟體授權所可能產生的風險，這些風險包括但不限於：程式運作錯誤所產生的風險與花費、與 現行法令相符的妥適性、資料或程式或設備的損壞或是遺失，以及操作過程無法執行或是中斷的結果。
6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
6. 免責條款
除了在本條款中被明示表達者外，「收受程式者」與任何一位「貢獻者」均不對任何直接的、間接的、附隨的、特殊的、懲罰性的，以及連帶性的損害賠償(包含但 不限於利益損失)擔負責任。即使基於契約、加重責任，或侵權責任(過失或其他主觀條款)，可將這些損害歸責於本「IPL-1.0 授權程式」的使用以及散布，或是其上授與權利的行使皆免責之。本責任免除條款，即使在程式使用人與散布人已經被告知發生此類損害的可能性時，亦同。
7. GENERAL
If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
7. 其他一般規定
倘若本授權協議中的任何條款，於現行法下被認定係屬無效或無法執行，其餘條款之有效性或可執行性不受影響，但除去該無效或無法執行之部份後，其他部份仍應在最小且必要變動的調整下，讓其有效並可得執行。
If Recipient institutes patent litigation against a Contributor with respect to a patent applicable to software (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit), then any patent licenses granted by that Contributor to such Recipient under this Agreement shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed. In addition, if Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other software or hardware) infringes such Recipient’s patent(s), then such Recipient’s rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
倘若「收受程式者」針對本軟體中應用到的專利技術，向「貢獻者」提出專利侵權訴訟(包括訴訟程序中的交叉訴訟或反訴皆屬之），那麼該被控「貢獻者」基於 「IPL-1.0 授權條款」所授與提出控訴的「收受程式者」的專利授權，便即刻於此專利訴訟提起之日向後終止。再者，倘若「收受程式者」針對本軟體中應用到的專利技術，向 任何一個使用本軟體的法律實體提出專利侵權訴訟(包括訴訟程序中的交叉訴訟或反訴皆屬之），聲稱該「IPL-1.0 授權程式」內含技術侵犯到其專利權的話(此一範圍不包含與「IPL-1.0 授權程式」結合運作的其他軟體程式或是硬體裝置)，那麼該「IPL-1.0 授權程式」所有權利人基於條款 2(b)，授與提出控訴者的相關專利權利，便即刻於此專利訴訟提起之日向後終止。
All Recipient’s rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient’s rights under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, Recipient’s obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive.
「收受程式者」若罹於遵守本授權協議的各項條款內容與授權條件，且在知悉之後，經過一定合理的期間仍然不主動修復此一狀態，那麼其基於本授權條款所取得的 各項權利，將會終止。當這樣的情況發生時，「收受程式者」同意若客觀可行，立即停止一切對本軟體程式的使用與散布行為。然而，此時雖然「收受程式者」基於 本條款所取得的權利已終止，其基於本條款所生之義務將持續有效並繼續存在。
IBM may publish new versions (including revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. Each new version of the Agreement will be given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. No one other than IBM has the right to modify this Agreement. Except as expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this Agreement are reserved.
IBM 會與時俱進地發布本授權條款的更新版本（包括小幅度修改的更正版本）。本授權條款的每一個更新版本均會被標上一個可供區別的版本號。雖然如此，「IPL- 1.0 授權程式（包括『貢獻物』在內）」在散布時，使用者可以永遠延用收受程式之時的授權條款版本來使用它。但除此之外，當更新版的「IPL 授權條款」被發布之後，「貢獻者」將得以自行選擇改用新版本的授權條款來散布此一「IPL-1.0 授權程式（包括『貢獻物』在內）」。除了 IBM 之外，任何人均不具有更新與修改本授權條款內容的權利與地位。除非依據本條款第 2（a） 條與第 2（b） 條的相關規定，「收受程式者」不得透過本授權條款取得任何「貢獻者」的智慧財產權利及相關授權，無論是明示地、默示地、禁反言，或是透過其他方式皆不得 之。「IPL-1.0 授權程式」其上，任何本授權條款未明示授與的權利均被聲明保留。
This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.
本授權條款轄於美國紐約州州法以及美國智慧財產相關法律之下。依據本授權條款，當事人若基於本條款可得提出法律上訴求原因發生之後一年內，仍怠於提出法律 行動，則視為放棄其後再行提請法律訴求之權利與地位。而依據本授權條款，任一當事人在採取法律行動時，亦放棄其採用陪審團審判之選擇權。